UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Rio de Janeiro State University
Faculdade de Medicina
Gostaria de discutir com o leitor da Rbem a importância do preceptor numa sociedade que muitos conceituam como "sociedade intensiva em conhecimento" (Demo, 2009), a qual se caracteriza, ao lado da "globalização" do acesso à informação,... more
Gostaria de discutir com o leitor da Rbem a importância do preceptor numa sociedade que muitos conceituam como "sociedade intensiva em conhecimento" (Demo, 2009), a qual se caracteriza, ao lado da "globalização" do acesso à informação, por uma crescente demanda por aprender. Nesse contexto, inclui-se a expectativa sobre produção e uso de tecnologias em educação, em particular na educação a distância.
- by André Herdy
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RESUMO O WHOQOL-bref foi utilizado em estudo transversal para avaliar a influência do sexo, da forma de ingresso, do ano de graduação, da classe econômica e da presença de morbidade crônica referida (MCR), na qualidade de vida (QV) de 394... more
RESUMO O WHOQOL-bref foi utilizado em estudo transversal para avaliar a influência do sexo, da forma de ingresso, do ano de graduação, da classe econômica e da presença de morbidade crônica referida (MCR), na qualidade de vida (QV) de 394 estudantes de medicina da UERJ (72% dos 545 matriculados em 2010, erro 6,5%). A análise estatística foi feita no SPSS v17 e utilizados testes qui-quadrado, ANOVA/ pós Hoc de Bonferroni (p valor = 5%) e razão dos produtos cruzados ("Odds Ratio" -OR) com respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC 95%). A idade média foi de 23 anos, sendo 61% mulheres, 43% cotistas (dos quais 64% mulheres) e 20% referiu morbidade crônica. De 0-100, a média da QV referida foi 66 e da satisfação com saúde 62. Os menores escores de QV foram observados nos estudantes do sexo feminino, com morbidade crônica referida (MCR), que ingressaram por reserva de vagas, da classe C e do terceiro e sexto ano. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de estudos qualitativos para aprofundar as informações sobre a QV dos estudantes da UERJ. ABSTRACT WHOQOL-bref scoring was used in this cross-sectional study to assess the influence of sex, form of admission, year of graduation, economic class and the presence of referred chronic morbidity (RCM) on the quality of life (QOL) of 394 medical students from UERJ (72% of 545 enrolled in 2010, margin of error 6.5%). The statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v17 using chi-squared tests, Bonferroni post-hoc ANOVA (pvalue=5%) and odds ratio (OR) with corresponding confidence intervals (CI 95%). Mean age was 23 years, with 61% women, 43% admitted under positive discrimination ethnic quotas (64% women) and 20% referred chronic disease. From 0 to 100, the average referred QOL was 66 and satisfaction with health was 62. The lowest QOL scores were observed among 3 rd and 6 th year students who were women, with RCM, who had been admitted via reserved university places and belonged to economic class C. The results indicate the need for qualitative studies to improve our understanding of the QOL of UERJ students.
Uncertainties remain the key issue surrounding biosimilars, although decisions regarding their use must be made. The challenges for policymakers, doctors, patients and others seeking to navigate in the uncharted waters of biosimilars must... more
Uncertainties remain the key issue surrounding biosimilars, although decisions regarding their use must be made. The challenges for policymakers, doctors, patients and others seeking to navigate in the uncharted waters of biosimilars must be clarified. At the most basic level, scientific understanding of the issue remains limited and when making decisions, policymakers must consider all those affected by health policy decisions, particularly the ultimate recipients of these medicines: the patients. The biosimilar-value chain relies on measurement of comparabilities. The goal is to demonstrate how, from a molecular perspective, closely similar they are or are not and how potential small differences may be relevant to clinical outcomes. To critically understand these points, this conceptual paper will present a knowledge-value chain and discuss each dimension assigning value in the decision making process re-utilization of biosimilars.
Objetivo: Estabelecer, entre os pontos de corte do índice homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), citados na literatura, o melhor em identifi car a síndrome metabólica (SM) em crianças com obesidade e sobrepeso.... more
Objetivo: Estabelecer, entre os pontos de corte do índice homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), citados na literatura, o melhor em identifi car a síndrome metabólica (SM) em crianças com obesidade e sobrepeso. Métodos: Foram estudadas 140 crianças pré-púberes. A defi nição de SM foi adaptada da International Diabetes Federation. Para cada ponto de corte de HOMA-IR foram estimados sensibilidade e especifi cidade, tomandose como desfecho a SM. Uma curva receiver operating characteristic (ROC) foi construída com estes valores. Resultados: O grupo estudado constituiu-se de 106 crianças com obesidade (37 meninas e 69 meninos) e 34 com sobrepeso (19 meninas e 15 meninos), média de idade 6,5 ± 2,3 anos. A acurácia da curva ROC foi 72%, e o melhor ponto de corte foi 2,5, com sensibilidade 61% e especifi cidade 74%. Conclusões: O índice HOMA-IR pode ser útil para detectar a SM, e o ponto de corte 2,5 mostrou-se o melhor para crianças pré-púberes com obesidade e sobrepeso. (Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2008; 52/9:
- by Maria Alice Neves Bordallo and +1
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- Medical Physiology
To verify the impact of obesity on metabolic syndrome components and adipokine levels in prepubertal children. This cross-sectional study compared 30 obese, 31 overweight and 33 eutrophic children attending a university hospital-based... more
To verify the impact of obesity on metabolic syndrome components and adipokine levels in prepubertal children. This cross-sectional study compared 30 obese, 31 overweight and 33 eutrophic children attending a university hospital-based outpatient pediatric clinic. Parameters assessed included glucose, serum lipids, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose/insulin relation, adiponectin, and leptin. We compared the frequency of acanthosis nigricans and changes in waist, blood pressure, glucose, serum lipids, and insulin. The correlation between body mass index (BMI) z score and adipokines was evaluated. Among obese children, there was a difference in the mean values of HDL cholesterol and adiponectin, whereas among the eutrophic children, there was a difference in the mean values of insulin, HOMA-IR, glucose/insulin relation, and leptin (p < 0.001). A difference was also observed regarding the frequency of acanthosis nigricans and alteration in wai...
- by Maria Alice Neves Bordallo and +1
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- Biological markers
Craniopharyngioma is an uncommon benign neoplasm, accounting for 1%-3% of all intracranial tumors, and the most common non-neuroepithelial intracranial neoplasm in childhood. Usually, the tumor is confined to the sellar region and the... more
Craniopharyngioma is an uncommon benign neoplasm, accounting for 1%-3% of all intracranial tumors, and the most common non-neuroepithelial intracranial neoplasm in childhood. Usually, the tumor is confined to the sellar region and the third ventricle, but due to frequent infiltration and adherence to the central nervous system, it often has an unfavorable clinical behavior. Therefore, it is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a tumor of low or uncertain malignant potential. Endocrine after effects, mainly hypothalamic hypopituitarism, obesity and diabetes insipidus are highlighted due to their important impact on the quality of life of patients, mostly children. Optimal treatment of this tumor is a major challenge for neurosurgeons and endocrinologists. The combination of surgery, radiation, and application of radioisotopes and intratumoral drugs, aims at maximizing the chances of cure with minimal complications. Yet, recurrence is still frequent. Choosing the best ...
Objective: To verify the impact of obesity on metabolic syndrome components and adipokine levels in prepubertal children.
- by Maria Alice Neves Bordallo and +1
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Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the type and frequency of cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging anomalies in patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD), and also to investigate the... more
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the type and frequency of cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging anomalies in patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD), and also to investigate the possible relationship between neuroradiological images and the presence of isolated GH or multiple pituitary hormone deficiency.
In hospital, the medicine staff can have more than eight different units to measure pressure in daily practice. The six units more commonly used are pascal (Pa); cmH2O, mmHg, psi, kgf/cm 2 and bar. This diversity brings shortcomings to... more
In hospital, the medicine staff can have more than eight different units to measure pressure in daily practice. The six units more commonly used are pascal (Pa); cmH2O, mmHg, psi, kgf/cm 2 and bar. This diversity brings shortcomings to the doctor in need of prompt conversion. The objective was support pulmologists, critical care physicians or anesthetists to analyze the different
- by Rogério Rufino and +2
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- Medical Device
Objective: To analyze and compare the mutations in two different regions of the katG gene, which is responsible for isoniazid (INH) resistance. Methods: We analyzed 97 multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in... more
Objective: To analyze and compare the mutations in two different regions of the katG gene, which is responsible for isoniazid (INH) resistance. Methods: We analyzed 97 multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in cultures of sputum samples obtained from the Professor Hélio Fraga Referral Center, in Brasília, Brazil. Another 6 INH-sensitive strains did not present mutations and were included as controls. We used PCR to amplify two regions of the katG gene (GenBank accession no. U06258)-region 1, (from codon 1 to codon 119) and region 2 (from codon 267 to codon 504)-which were then sequenced in order to identify mutations. Results: Seven strains were resistant to INH and did not contain mutations in either region. Thirty strains carried mutations in region 1, which was characterized by a high number of deletions, especially at codon 4 (24 strains). Region 2 carried 83 point mutations, especially at codon 315, and there was a serine-to-threonine (AGC-to-ACC) substitution in 73 of those cases. The analysis of region 2 allowed INH resistance to be diagnosed in 81.4% of the strains. Nine strains had mutations exclusively in region 1, which allowed the proportion of INH-resistant strains identified to be increased to 90.6%. Conclusions: The number of mutations at codon 315 was high, which is consistent with cases described in Brazil and in other countries, and the analysis of region 1 resulted in a 9.2% increase in the rate at which mutations were identified.
- by Helio Siqueira
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For more than 2,000 years, it was thought that malignant spirits caused diseases. By the end of nineteenth century, these beliefs were displaced by more modern concepts of disease, namely, the formulation of the "germ theory," which... more
For more than 2,000 years, it was thought that malignant spirits caused diseases. By the end of nineteenth century, these beliefs were displaced by more modern concepts of disease, namely, the formulation of the "germ theory," which asserted that bacteria or other microorganisms caused disease. With the emergence of chronic degenerative and of autoimmune diseases in the last century, the causative role of microorganisms has been intensely debated; however, no clear explanatory models have been achieved. In this review, we examine the current available literature regarding the relationships between infections and 16 autoimmune diseases. We critically analyzed clinical, serological, and molecular associations, and reviewed experimental models of induction of and, alternatively, protection from autoimmune diseases by infection. After reviewing several studies and reports, a clinical and experimental pattern emerges: Chronic and multiple infections with viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, and bacteria, such as H. pylori, may, in susceptible individuals, play a role in the evolvement of autoimmune diseases. As the vast majority of infections pertain to our resident microbiota and endogenous retroviruses and healthy carriage of infections is the rule, we propose to focus on understanding the mechanisms of this healthy carrier state and what changes its configurations to infectious syndromes, to the restoration of health, or to the sustaining of illness into a chronic state and/or autoimmune disease. It seems that in the development of this healthy carriage state, the infection or colonization in early stages of ontogenesis with key microorganisms, also called 'old friends' (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria among others), are important for the healthy living and for the protection from infectious and autoimmune syndromes.
To evaluate the efficacy and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) safety of celecoxib, compared with nonspecific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), among patients with osteoarthritis. METHODS: A total of 13 274 osteoarthritis patients... more
To evaluate the efficacy and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) safety of celecoxib, compared with nonspecific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), among patients with osteoarthritis. METHODS: A total of 13 274 osteoarthritis patients from 39 countries were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with either celecoxib 100 mg twice daily (BID), celecoxib 200 mg BID, or nonselective NSAID therapy (diclofenac 50 mg BID or naproxen 500 mg BID) for 12 weeks. Standard validated measures were used to assess osteoarthritis efficacy. Serious UGI events were evaluated by 2 blinded, independent, gastrointestinal events committees. RESULTS: Results from all primary efficacy assessments showed that both dosages of celecoxib were as effective as NSAIDs in treating osteoarthritis. Significantly more ulcer complications occurred within the nonselective NSAID group (0.8/100 patient-years) compared with the celecoxib group (0.1/100 patient-years) (odds ratio ϭ 7.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46 to 33.80; P ϭ.008). There were fewer ulcer complications in the celecoxib group compared with the NSAID group, both in patients taking concomitant aspirin and those not taking aspirin, but the difference reached statistical significance only in the latter comparison. The number of cardiovascular thromboembolic events was low and not statistically different between the groups (eg, myocardial infarction rates: celecoxib 10 events [0.55/100 patient-years] vs NSAIDs 1 event [0.11/100 patientyears], (P ϭ.11), but the study was not powered to detect such differences. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of osteoarthritis, celecoxib is as effective as the nonspecific NSAIDs naproxen and diclofenac, but has significantly fewer serious upper gastrointestinal events.
- by George Triadafilopoulos and +1
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Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients with peripheral vascular disease leading to amputation of digits or limbs encountered in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Methods: Twenty-one cases derived from... more
Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients with peripheral vascular disease leading to amputation of digits or limbs encountered in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Methods: Twenty-one cases derived from several geographical centers (Brazil, Serbia, Italy, Israel, United Kingdom, and South Africa) are presented. The major clinical, serological, and histopathological data (where available) of this cohort are described, documented, and analyzed. Results: Patients were suffering mainly from systemic lupus erythematosus (9 patients) or primary APS (8 patients). Peripheral vascular occlusions occurred during the course of the catastrophic APS in 5 patients. The vascular occlusions occurred both early and very late in the course of the disease (time after APS diagnosis, 0-38 years). Vasculitis was present in 7 patients and 5 demonstrated the typical antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-vasculopathy with complicating bland thrombosis. Myocardial infarctions had occurred in 4 patients but it was not possible to determine whether they suffered from premature atherosclerotic disease or whether the infarctions were aPL-related. The appearance of livedo reticularis preceding the arterial thrombosis was noted in 9 patients. Cryoglobulinemia was detected in only 1 patient. Conclusions: Peripheral vascular disease leading to amputation of digits or limbs is a severe complication encountered in patients with APS. In the absence of histopathology, it may be difficult to distinguish whether concomitant atherosclerotic occlusions, vasculitis, or aPL-related thrombosis of peripheral vessels is the main cause of the vascular ischemia. Treatment should, therefore, include full anticoagulation as well as corticosteroids and immunosuppression in these patients.
A UERJ reserva 45% das vagas para estudantes com carência socioeconômica. O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer em que extensão, variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde, forma de ingresso e o ano da graduação, influenciam simultaneamente os... more
A UERJ reserva 45% das vagas para estudantes com carência socioeconômica. O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer em que extensão, variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde, forma de ingresso e o ano da graduação, influenciam simultaneamente os domínios da qualidade de vida (QV) dos estudantes de medicina aferida pelo Whoqol-bref. Participaram 394 estudantes (72% dos matriculados em 2010), idade média: 23 anos, 61% mulheres, 43% cotistas e 20% com morbidade crônica referida (MCR). Os menores escores de QV observados foram para: mulheres, com MCR, cotistas, da classe C e do terceiro e sexto ano. A análise por regressão linear múltipla revelou que todas as variáveis independentes analisadas apresentaram associação negativa com os domínios da QV, e em conjunto contribuíram parcialmente para sua explicação, chegando a 22% no domínio meio ambiente, influenciada pela classe econômica e forma de ingresso. A presença de MCR associou-se negativamente aos domínios físico, psicológico e relações sociai...
To determine the effects of combined therapy of gliclazide and bedtime insulin on glycemic control and C-peptide secretion, we studied 25 patients with type 2 diabetes and sulfonylurea secondary failure, aged 56.8 ± 8.3 years, with a... more
To determine the effects of combined therapy of gliclazide and bedtime insulin on glycemic control and C-peptide secretion, we studied 25 patients with type 2 diabetes and sulfonylurea secondary failure, aged 56.8 ± 8.3 years, with a duration of diabetes of 10.6 ± 6.6 years, fasting plasma glucose of 277.3 ± 64.6 mg/dl and a body mass index of 27.4 ± 4.8 kg/m 2. Patients were submitted to three therapeutic regimens lasting 2 months each: 320 mg gliclazide (phase 1), 320 mg gliclazide and bedtime NPH insulin (phase 2), and insulin (phase 3). At the end of each period, glycemic and C-peptide curves in response to a mixed meal were determined. During combined therapy, there was a decrease in all glycemic curve values (P<0.01). Twelve patients (48%) reached fasting plasma glucose <140 mg/dl with a significant weight gain of 64.8 kg (43.1-98.8) vs 66.7 kg (42.8-101.4) (P<0.05), with no increase in C-peptide secretion or decrease in HbA1. C-Peptide glucose score (C-peptide/glucose x 100) increased from 0.9 (0.2-2.1) to 1.3 (0.2-4.7) during combined therapy (P<0.01). Despite a 50% increase in insulin doses in phase 3 (12 U (9-30) vs 18 U (11-60); P<0.01) only 3 patients who responded to combined therapy maintained fasting plasma glucose <140 mg/dl (P<0.02). A tendency to a higher absolute increase in C-peptide (0.99 (0.15-2.5) vs 0.6 (0-2.15); P = 0.08) and C-peptide incremental area (2.47 (0.22-6.2) vs 1.2 (0-3.35); P = 0.07) was observed among responders. We conclude that combined therapy resulted in a better glucose response to a mixed meal than insulin alone and should be tried in type 2 diabetic patients before starting insulin monotherapy, despite difficulties in predicting the response.
O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar a experiência do uso de um roteiro elaborado para orientar a revisão de prontuários em um ambulatório de um hospital universitário no município do Rio de Janeiro. O roteiro constava de questões... more
O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar a experiência do uso de um roteiro elaborado para orientar a revisão de prontuários em um ambulatório de um hospital universitário no município do Rio de Janeiro. O roteiro constava de questões fechadas e abertas abordando os seguintes itens: identificação do paciente, motivo e data da primeira consulta, informações subjetivas, informações objetivas, avaliação das necessidades de saúde do paciente, do plano terapêutico, dos registros, da longitudinalidade do cuidado e conclusões (resumo diagnóstico e terapêutico, proposições para a melhoria dos cuidados e necessidades de aprendizagem). Um prontuário foi escolhido aleatoriamente, copiado e distribuído a seis preceptores voluntários, juntamente com o roteiro. Percebeu-se que, na análise do prontuário, informações importantes de identificação dos usuários e da anamnese estavam ausentes ou desatualizadas. Observou-se concordância em 60% das respostas às perguntas fechadas. A heterogeneidade foi ma...
- by Ana Chazan
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